Mutation Query
| | | | Allele 1: | T251I | | Allele 2: | G848S | Allelic information known | | Refine query |
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| | | Residue T251 | | Cluster assignment: | | | Cluster description: | Single Nucleotide Polymorphism | | POLG domain: | Exonuclease domain |
| Residue G848 | | Cluster assignment: | | | Cluster description: | Polymerase active site and environs | | Subcluster: | 1D (residues 848-895) | | Subcluster description: | This subcluster forms a large portion of the pol active site and contains two highly conserved motifs that are found in all family A polymerases: the RR loop (motif 2) and motif A (Loh and Loeb, 2005). | | POLG domain: | Polymerase domain |
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Mutation Information
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| T251I | | | | Number of patients: (with T251I) | 53 | | Found together with: | PNF=Putatively Non-Functional enzyme |  | Show Patient Data |
| Patient data are sorted by mutation combination frequency. | Reference: | Blok et al, 2009; | | Description: | Exercise intolerance, CPEO, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetes, limb girdle weakness. 2nd patient with cataract and myopathy | | Mutations: | A467T, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 51, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Gonzalez-Vioque et al, 2006; | | Description: | PEO with ptosis, mild atrial hypertrophy. Sister had PEO. | | Mutations: | M603L, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 61, Age of Patient: 65, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Horvath et al, 2006; | | Description: | PEO, Neuropathy. Affect sibling. | | Mutations: | L304R, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 60, Age of Patient: 68, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Horvath et al, 2006; | | Description: | PEO, myopathy, ataxia. | | Mutations: | L304R, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 45, Age of Patient: 74, Age of Death: n/a |
Back to top | Reference: | Lamantea et al, 2002; | | Description: | PEO. cytochrome c oxidase negative ragged red fibers, and multiple mtDNA deletions in skeletal muscle. | | Mutations: | G848S, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Sarzi et al, 2007; | | Description: | Alpers, trunk hypotonia, seizures at 4 months, RC deficiency in liver. 28% mtDNA copy number in liver. | | Mutations: | C224Y, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.3, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Stewart et al, 2009; | | Description: | PEO, ptosis, proximal weakness, multiple mtDNA deletions-LPCR. 25% COX-deficient fibers | | Mutations: | A467T, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 45, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Taanman et al, 2009; | | Description: | Vomiting, FTT, hypotonic, lactic acidemia, hypoglycemia, bilateral dense cataracts, hepatomegaly, jaundice, septicemia. infantile hepatocerebral mtDNA depletion. Mother with E1136K allele reported as asymptomatic. Father with T251I/P587L allele reported as asymptomatic. | | Mutations: | E1136K, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.01, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 0.5 |
| Reference: | Tang et al, 2011; | | Description: | N/A (as reported in Tang 2011 JMG) | | Mutations: | N1157S, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | childhood | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 9, Age of Death: n/a |
Back to top | Reference: | Tang et al, 2011; | | Description: | Ocular bulbar weakness, peripheral neuropathy, muscle weakness, CPEO, ptosis, hypothyroidism, abnormal muscle histology, abnormal muscle ultrastructure, large mitochondrial proliferation, ragged red fibers. 96% mtDNA copy number in blood. Patient II-44. | | Mutations: | G848S, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 81, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Tang et al, 2011; | | Description: | Peripheral neuropathy, exercise intolerance, muscle cramps after exercise, easy fatigability, arrythmia, CPEO, abnormal EMG/NCV, ptosis, cataract, abnormal muscle histology, abnormal muscle ultrastructure, COX deficiency, ragged red fibers. 123% mtDNA copy number in blood. | | Mutations: | H932Y, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 31, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Tang et al, 2011; | | Description: | Peripheral neuropathy, ptosis, muscle weakness, CPK abnormalities. 77% mtDNA copy number in blood. | | Mutations: | H932Y, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 41, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Tang et al, 2011; | | Description: | Stroke/ischaemic episodes, peripheral neuropathy, CPEO, abnormal EMG/NCV, ptosis, muscle weakness, headache/migraine. 167% mtDNA copy number in blood. | | Mutations: | K1191N, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 39, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Van Goethem et al, 2003c; | | Description: | MNGIE-like, presented with GI symptoms, ptosis, neuropathy, muscle weakness. | | Mutations: | N864S, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | juvenile | | Age of Onset: 15, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
Back to top | Reference: | Wong et al, 2008; | | Description: | Alpers | | Mutations: | G848S, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.5, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Wong et al, 2008; | | Description: | Developmental delay/dementia, liver dysfunction, lactic acidosis, fatigue, pancreatitis, cyclic vomiting. | | Mutations: | K1191R, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 1, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Kollberg et al, 2005; | | Description: | PEO, severe ophthalmoplegia and ptosis, which appeared insidiously and had been present clinically since the age of 55. Muscle biopsy at age 68 revealed mitochondrial myopathy, as well as muscle inflammation with granulomas. multiple mtDNA deletions in muscle tissue. | | Mutations: | G848S, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 55, Age of Patient: 75, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Burusnukul and de los Reyes, 2009; | | Description: | Global developmental delay, Central hypotonia, Torticollis, feeding difficulty at birth, myoclonic seizure, horizontal nystagmus, Intermittent estropia, Abnormal MRI | | Mutations: | P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.4, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Lutz et al, 2009; | | Description: | Presented with feeding difficulties and hypotonia, At 4.5 months of age the patient contracted an influenza A infection. Concurrently she experienced hepatomegaly associated with severe hypoglycemia, Abnormalities in liver synthetic function, elevations in liver hepatocellular enzymes, elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein, severely reduced mtDNA (3%) in liver. liver failure. She showed signs of ongoing respiratory difficulty, pancreatitis, and renal tubulopathy | | Mutations: | K1191R, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.166, Age of Patient: 0.416, Age of Death: 0.458 |
Back to top | Reference: | Weiss and Saneto, 2010; | | Description: | progressively droopy eyelids, double vision, gait instability, proximal arm weakness, ragged red and ragged blue (succinate dehydrogenase–positive) fibers in about 3% and 6% of all muscle fibers, bilateral ptosis, diplopia, dysarthria, myopathy involving the facial muscles, sensory ataxic polyneuropathy | | Mutations: | G848S, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 80, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Amiot et al, 2009; | | Description: | Peripheral neuropathy, PEO, ataxia, epilepsy, fatty liver | | Mutations: | D1184N, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | childhood | | Age of Onset: 9, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 33 |
| Reference: | Amiot et al, 2009; | | Description: | Peripheral neuropathy, PEO, fatty liver | | Mutations: | D1184N, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | childhood | | Age of Onset: 9, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 30 |
| Reference: | Aitken et al, 2009; | | Description: | Progressively blurred vision, diplopia, and longstanding bilateral ptosis (adPEO). She described occasional choking episodes after eating as well as fatigue and shortness of breath after minimal exertion. Lower limb examination revealed symmetric proximal limb weakness with reduced reflexes and flexor plantars. Tan- dem gait was hesitant. The initial differential diagnosis included Graves thyroid eye disease, a neuromuscular junction disor- der (myasthenia gravis or botulism), oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, Miller Fisher variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome, and progressive muscular dystrophy. Borderline myopathy. The muscle biopsy showed 13% cytochrome c ox- idase (COX)–deficient fibers, significant numbers of ragged red fibers but no excess of lipid or glycogen accumulation, and subsarcolemmal accumulation of abnormal mitochondria suggestive of a mitochondrial cytopathy. The patient presented 10 months later with an un- pleasant “jumping†sensation in her feet when at rest which was relieved by movement. Symptoms were worse at night and she also described sudden involuntary movements of her lower limbs (restless legs syndrome, RLS). | | Mutations: | P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 53, Age of Patient: 58, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Harris et al, 2010; | | Description: | Progressive ataxia, asymmetrical right ophthalmoplegia and encephalopathy. Seizures. Loss of extraocular movement on the right and right arm and leg spasticity and hyperreflexia. Elevated lactate level, a markedly depressed N-acetylaspartate level, and a markedly elevated choline level. Steroid-induced hyperglycemia. Progressive acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). | | Mutations: | P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | childhood | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 4, Age of Death: 4.75 |
Back to top | Reference: | Lovan et al, 2013; | | Description: | diabetes mellitus 2, congestive heart failure, hypothyroidism, hypertension, depression with psychotic features and gastric bypass surgery. gait difficulties, cognitive impairment, ophthalmoplegia, resting tremor and peripheral neuropathy. Shooting pains and numbness in her lower extremities, occasional rectal incontinence. Presyncopal dizziness. Complicated diabetic retinopathy. sensory ataxia secondary to a sensorimotor polyneuropathy, chronic supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, and a resting tremor of her right hand. bilateral ptosis and marked temporal muscle wasting. Her sensory examination found loss of pinprick sensation, temperature and vibration bilaterally up to her hips. She had bilateral vibration loss at her fingertips. She had loss of proprioception at her toes. She had bilateral dysdiadochokinesia with significant ataxia on finger to nose testing. Arreflexic in her lower extremities. On cognitive testing she was found to have moderate dementia with significant deficits in registration and construction as well as ideomotor apraxia. | | Mutations: | A467T, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 55, Age of Patient: 60, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Scuderi et al, 2015; | | Description: | He presented migraine by age 7 and complained of fatigue during exercise by age 12. mild diffuse muscle hypotonia and flat feet. ptosis at 14. Brain MRI showed mild white matter hyperintensity. | | Mutations: | P587L | | SNPs: | P116Q, T251I | | Age group: | childhood | | Age of Onset: 7, Age of Patient: 14, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Scuderi et al, 2015; | | Description: | Presented deafness from childhood. migraine and fatigue. On neurological examination she had mild diffuse muscle weakness. Audiometric examination disclosed neurosensorial hypoacusia. mild anxiety with specific phobias concerning indoor environment and crowd. | | Mutations: | P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 29, Age of Patient: 37, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Scuderi et al, 2015; | | Description: | delayed psychomotor development. At age 3, neurological examination showed muscular hypotonia, joint laxity, absent deep tendon reflexes, broadbased gait, scapular winging, accentuation of lumbar lordosis and flat feet. intellectual disability. progressive cognitive impairment. mild myopathy. | | Mutations: | P587L | | SNPs: | P116Q, T251I | | Age group: | childhood | | Age of Onset: 3, Age of Patient: 8, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Scuderi et al, 2015; | | Description: | leg pain after physical activity. mild diffuse muscle hypotonia, hypotrophy, mild diffuse muscle weakness, joint laxity, scapular winging and increase of lumbar lordosis. Borderline intellectual functioning. | | Mutations: | P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | childhood | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 10, Age of Death: n/a |
Back to top | Reference: | Rouzier et al, 2013; | | Description: | CPEO, multiple mtDNa deletions. | | Mutations: | G848S | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 45, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Horvath et al, 2006; | | Description: | PEO with myopathy | | Mutations: | P587L, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I, T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 62, Age of Patient: 70, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Horvath et al, 2006; | | Description: | PEO with myopathy | | Mutations: | P587L, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I, T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 56, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Horvath et al, 2006; | | Description: | PEO with myopathy, chronic bronchitis. | | Mutations: | P587L, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I, T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 63, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Stewart et al, 2009; | | Description: | Mild bilateral ptosis, PEO. | | Mutations: | P587L, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I, T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 41, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
Back to top | Reference: | Stewart et al, 2011; | | Description: | Alpers. nocturnal nausea followed by loss of consciousness without motor relinquishing. obsessive–compulsive disorder. | | Mutations: | P587L, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I, T251I | | Age group: | juvenile | | Age of Onset: 16, Age of Patient: 26, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Di Fonzo et al, 2003; | | Description: | PEO, axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy | | Mutations: | P587L, R807P | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 60, Age of Patient: 71, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Di Fonzo et al, 2003; | | Description: | PEO, dysphagia | | Mutations: | P587L, R807P | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 45, Age of Patient: 52, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Del Bo et al, 2003; | | Description: | PEO, complicated by dysphagia, myopathy. | | Mutations: | P587L, R807P | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 71, Age of Death: n/a |
Back to top | Reference: | Lamantea et al, 2002; | | Description: | PEO. cytochrome c oxidase negative ragged red fibers, and multiple mtDNA deletions in skeletal muscle. | | Mutations: | P587L | | SNPs: | PNF, T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Del Bo et al, 2003; | | Description: | PEO, complicated by dysphagia, myopathy. | | Mutations: | P587L | | SNPs: | PNF, T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 52, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Miguel et al, 2014; | | Description: | slowly progressive bilateral blepharoptosis, severe PEO, dysphagia, facial diparesis and exercise intolerance, presented, at the age of 60, with left-dominant postural tremor, reduced left arm swing during gait, postural instability, axonal sensory polyneuropathy, CT showed diffuse cerebral atrophy. Parkinsons. | | Mutations: | P587L | | SNPs: | PNF, T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 46, Age of Patient: 66, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Agostino et al, 2003; | | Description: | PEO, bilateral ptosis, severe limita- tion of ocular motility, and a mosaic distribution of ragged-red and cytochrome c oxidase–negative fibers in the muscle biopsy. All patients had multiple deletions of muscle mtDNA. | | Mutations: | P587L, R227W | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 48, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
Back to top | Reference: | Ashley et al, 2008; | | Description: | Alpers, epilepsy and hepatopathy, onset 5 months of age. | | Mutations: | P587L, R232G | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.5, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Ferrari et al, 2005; | | Description: | Infantile hepatocerebral, presented at 3 months as hypotonia followed by mtDNA depletion in liver, dementia, and death at 6 months by ventilatory insufficiency. | | Mutations: | P587L, R232G | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.3, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 0.5 |
| Reference: | Tzoulis et al, 2009; | | Description: | PEO, ptosis, muscle fatigue, diplopia, a mild external ophthalmoplegia affecting horizontal, but not vertical gaze. Tendonreflexes were diminished in the lower extremities and a distal sensory defect in stocking distribution was seen. | | Mutations: | P587L, W748S | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 45, Age of Patient: 50, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Ylönen et al, 2013; | | Description: | Akinetic-rigid Parkinsons. impaired balance, freezing, and increased salivation. Constipation and muscle cramps. He had arterial hypertension and mild normocytic anemia. cytochrome c oxidase-negative muscle fibers. | | Mutations: | P587L, W748S | | SNPs: | E1142G, T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 49, Age of Patient: 65, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Horvath et al, 2006; | | Description: | PEO with myopathy | | Mutations: | P587L, V1106I | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 35, Age of Death: n/a |
Back to top | Reference: | Ferreira et al, 2011; | | Description: | Ptosis, oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy-like, pigmentary retinopathy. | | Mutations: | P587L, P648R | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 59, Age of Patient: 67, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Wong et al, 2008; | | Description: | Developmental delay, dementia, lactic acidosis, microcephaly, FTT, hearing loss, abnormal MRI. | | Mutations: | P587L, R853Q | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 0.2, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Hanisch et al, 2014; | | Description: | Pareses, ptosis, ataxia, sensory neoropathy, motor neuropathy, axonal neuropathy, demyelinating neuropathy. | | Mutations: | P587L, R869Q | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 29, Age of Patient: 34, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Lamantea et al, 2002; | | Description: | PEO. cytochrome c oxidase negative ragged red fibers, and multiple mtDNA deletions in skeletal muscle. | | Mutations: | P587L, R309L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
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| G848S | | | | Number of patients: (with G848S) | 66 | | Found together with: | | | Show Patient Data |
| Patient data are sorted by mutation combination frequency. | Reference: | Ashley et al, 2008; | | Description: | Hepatopathy, Epilepsy, Hepatopathy, | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 1.5, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | de Vries et al, 2007; | | Description: | Onset at 6 months with FTT, dementia, hypotonia, seizures, hepatopathy, aplasia cutis, delayed myelinisation. Death at 15 months. | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.5, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 1.3 |
| Reference: | Ferrari et al, 2005; | | Description: | He developed normally in the first 6 months. Refusal of food and failure to thrive were noted from the 7th month of life. At 1 year of age, increased transaminase levels in the blood were accompanied by liver enlargement and hyperecogenicity. Motor development was delayed. hypoglycaemic episodes and lactic acidosis. A liver biopsy at the age of 16 months revealed steatosis and fibrosis. At 20 months of age, he had numerous episodes of status epilepticus and epilepsia partialis continua. The patient died at 2.5 years of age during an episode of status epilepticus. Alpers’ syndrome. | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.5, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 2.5 |
| Reference: | Kollberg et al, 2006; | | Description: | Ragged Red Fibers, COX-Deficient Fibers. The boy had feeding difficulties with failure to thrive since 3 months of age. Delayed motor development. general muscle weakness and ataxia. compromised liver function. | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.33, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 1.33 |
Back to top | Reference: | Stewart et al, 2009; | | Description: | Alpers, Epilepsy, developmental delay, COX deficient fibres. | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 1, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Stewart et al, 2009; | | Description: | Alpers, seizures, developmental delay, liver failure, hypotonia, impaired vision, renal stones, mtDNA depletion in muscle. 5% COX deficient fibers. | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.7, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Wong et al, 2008; | | Description: | Developmental delay, dementia, seizures, Alpers | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 2, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Wong et al, 2008; | | Description: | Developmental delay, dementia, seizures, Alpers, Ataxia | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 2, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Wong et al, 2008; | | Description: | Developmental delay, dementia, seizures, Alpers, Lactic acidosis, Cortical athrophy, hypoglycemia | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 1.5, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
Back to top | Reference: | Wong et al, 2008; | | Description: | Developmental delay, dementia, seizures, Alpers, Lactic acidosis, Stroke | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 2, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Wong et al, 2008; | | Description: | Developmental delay, dementia, seizures, Alpers, Stroke, ataxia, exercise intolerance | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | childhood | | Age of Onset: 9, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Wong et al, 2008; | | Description: | Developmental delay, dementia, seizures, Alpers, hypotonia, failure to thrive | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.8, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Nguyen et al, 2005; | | Description: | Refractory seizures, psychomotor regression, liver disease, Transient hypoglycemia, Transient lactic academia, Elevated CSF protein, presented with epilepsia partialis continua, | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.9, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 1.8 |
| Reference: | Nguyen et al, 2005; | | Description: | Refractory seizures, psychomotor regression, liver disease, presented with liver failure | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 1, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 1.3 |
Back to top | Reference: | Saneto et al, 2010; | | Description: | Cyclic vomiting, episodic hypoglycemia then seizure onset at 6 years, generalized seizures, GI dysmotility, eyelid ptosis,ophthalmoplegia, sensorineural hearning loss, absent smooth pursuit eye movements | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | childhood | | Age of Onset: 6, Age of Patient: 11, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Hunter et al, 2011; | | Description: | Myoclonic Seizures, Epilepsia partialis continua, Developmental Delay or Regression, ataxia, Abnormal Liver Enzymes, Serum Lactate, liver mtDNA depletion, Alpers | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.5, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 3.33 |
| Reference: | Hunter et al, 2011; | | Description: | Myoclonic Seizures, Generalized tonic-clonic seizures, Focal motor seizures, Developmental Delay or Regression, hypotonia, tremor, Abnormal Liver Enzymes, Serum Lactate, liver mtDNA depletion, death by liver failure, Alpers | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.83, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 0.92 |
| Reference: | McCoy et al, 2011; | | Description: | focal seizures, elevated liver transaminases, Elevated CSF protein, patient died several weeks later | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.8, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 1 |
| Reference: | Scalais et al, 2012; | | Description: | presented with hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, moderate ketosis and liver dysfunction, generalized hypotonia, progressive jaundice and abdominal distension with ascites, status epilepticus with generalized tonico-clonic seizures. She had an intermittent tremor, moderate truncal ataxia with a wide-based gait, myoclonic seizures, epilepsia partialis continua, | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.29, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 5 |
Back to top | Reference: | de Vries et al, 2008; | | Description: | Delayed motor and mental development, From the age of 3 years his psychomotor development declined and epilepsy, visual impairment and sensorineuronal deafness, epilepsia partialis continua. Bilateral ptosis, generalized hypotonia, ataxia, absent reflexes and hyperlaxity by age 5. | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 3, Age of Patient: 5, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Hasselmann et al, 2010; | | Description: | Alpers, status epilepticus and somnolence, ataxia with dysmetria and muscular hypotonia. Healthy unrelated parents. Laboratory investigations revealed myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers, | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 2.2, Age of Patient: 3.5, Age of Death: 5.5 |
| Reference: | Tzoulis et al, 2013; | | Description: | Epilepsy, stroke-like episodes. | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.6, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 0.6 |
| Reference: | Roels et al, 2009; | | Description: | mtDNA depletion. severe hypoglycemia, liver biopsy shows micronodular cirrhosis. At 3 y 9 m, status epilepticus develops which occurs again at 4 y and is difficult to control. myoclonia. She dies from bronchopulmonary infection when 5 y old. COX negative fibers. | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.25, Age of Patient: 4, Age of Death: 5 |
| Reference: | Tzoulis et al, 2014; | | Description: | Epilepsy, stroke-like episode. | | Mutations: | A467T, G848S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.6, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 0.6 |
Back to top | Reference: | Ashley et al, 2008; | | Description: | Reported as Alpers, onset at 6 years, presenting encephalopathy with epilepsy, hepatopathy absent, and movement disorder (ataxia). | | Mutations: | G848S, W748S | | Age group: | childhood | | Age of Onset: 6, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Isohanni et al, 2011; | | Description: | Partial status epilepticus, epilepsia partialis, continua, hemiparesis, myoclonus, loss of vision, optical atrophy, pschomotor regression, liver dysfunction, death via pneumonia. | | Mutations: | G848S, W748S | | SNPs: | E1143G | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 1, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 11 |
| Reference: | Taanman et al, 2009; | | Description: | Onset at 6.5 years with alpers syndrome and death at 7.8 years. 23% mtDNA copy number in liver. | | Mutations: | G848S, W748S | | SNPs: | E1143G | | Age group: | childhood | | Age of Onset: 6.5, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 7.8 |
| Reference: | Tang et al, 2011; | | Description: | Headaches/migrains, seizures, intractable seizure, cortical blindness. 32% mtDNA copy number in blood. | | Mutations: | G848S, W748S | | Age group: | childhood | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 7, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Tang et al, 2011; | | Description: | Hypotonia, myoclonus, or myoclonic seizures, intractable seizure, hepatic failure, abnormal EEG. 38% mtDNA copy number in blood. | | Mutations: | G848S, W748S | | Age group: | childhood | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 5, Age of Death: n/a |
Back to top | Reference: | Wong et al, 2008; | | Description: | developmental delay, dementia, seizures, Alpers, Family history of Alpers syndrome. | | Mutations: | G848S, Q497H, W748S | | SNPs: | E1143G | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 1, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Davidzon et al, 2005; | | Description: | hepatocerebral syndrome, alpers, developmental delay, seizures, and hepatopathy leading to liver failure, liver mtDNA depletion | | Mutations: | G848S, W748S | | SNPs: | E1143G | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.7, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 2.5 |
| Reference: | Davidzon et al, 2005; | | Description: | hepatocerebral syndrome, alpers, developmental delay, seizures, and hepatopathy leading to liver failure, liver mtDNA depletion, microvesicular steatosis, | | Mutations: | G848S, W748S | | SNPs: | E1143G | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 1, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 6.5 |
| Reference: | Davidzon et al, 2005; | | Description: | hepatocerebral syndrome, alpers, developmental delay, seizures, and hepatopathy leading to liver failure, liver mtDNA depletion, microvesicular steatosis. | | Mutations: | G848S, W748S | | SNPs: | E1143G | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.1, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 0.9 |
| Reference: | Davidzon et al, 2005; | | Description: | hepatocerebral syndrome, alpers, developmental delay, seizures, and hepatopathy leading to liver failure, microvesicular steatosis, fibrosis | | Mutations: | G848S, W748S | | SNPs: | E1143G | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.3, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 1 |
Back to top | Reference: | Nguyen et al, 2005; | | Description: | Refractory seizures, psychomotor regression, liver disease, presenting symptom was status epilepticus, Transient hypoglycemia, Transient lactic acidemia | | Mutations: | G848S, W748S | | SNPs: | E1143G | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 1, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 1.7 |
| Reference: | Wolf et al, 2009; | | Description: | Developemental delay, status epilepticus onset at 6 years 7 months, valproic acid therapy 6 weeks, liver failure with transplant, epilepsia partialis continua, elevated CSF lactate, elevated CSF protein, mtDNA depletion in liver | | Mutations: | G848S, W748S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 6.6, Age of Patient: 7.8, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Wolf et al, 2009; | | Description: | status epilepticus onset epilepsia partialis continua, elevated CSF lactate, elevated CSF protein, | | Mutations: | G848S, W748S | | Age group: | childhood | | Age of Onset: 10.67, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 11.5 |
| Reference: | Saneto et al, 2010; | | Description: | seizure onset at 2 years, complex partial seizure and epilepsia partialis continua myoclonus, Truncal ataxia, intention tremor | | Mutations: | G848S, W748S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 2, Age of Patient: 4, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Hunter et al, 2011; | | Description: | Myoclonic Seizures, Generalized tonic-clonic seizures, Focal motor seizures, Epilepsia partialis continua, Developmental Delay or Regression, ataxia, Abnormal Liver Enzymes, Serum Lactate, Alpers | | Mutations: | G848S, W748S | | Age group: | childhood | | Age of Onset: 6, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 6.75 |
Back to top | Reference: | Hunter et al, 2011; | | Description: | Myoclonic Seizures, Generalized tonic-clonic seizures, Focal motor seizures, Epilepsia partialis continua, Developmental Delay or Regression, ataxia, Abnormal Liver Enzymes, Serum Lactate, liver mtDNA depletion, Alpers | | Mutations: | G848S, W748S | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 2, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 6.33 |
| Reference: | Brunetti-Pierri et al, 2008; | | Description: | He exhibited a very similar phenotype to his sister, with a catastrophic onset of intractable seizures at the age of 9 months, progressive encephalopathy with epilepsia partialis continua and myoclonic jerks, and developmental regression. MRI imaging was not performed. | | Mutations: | G848S, Q497H, W748S | | SNPs: | E1143G | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.5, Age of Patient: 1.25, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Brunetti-Pierri et al, 2008; | | Description: | He exhibited a very similar phenotype to his sister, with a catastrophic onset of intractable seizures at the age of 9 months, progressive encephalopathy with epilepsia partialis continua and myoclonic jerks, and developmental regression. MRI imaging was not performed. | | Mutations: | G848S, Q497H, W748S | | SNPs: | E1143G | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.5, Age of Patient: 1.25, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Brunetti-Pierri et al, 2008; | | Description: | The index patient presented at the age of 8 months with microcephaly, seizures, and developmental delay. From the time of the first observation she rapidly developed epilepsia partialis continua, multifocal myoclonic jerks, and progressive psychomotor retardation. MRI performed at 8 months was generally unremarkable. By 9 months of age the brain MRI showed signifi cant changes including a diffuse severe cerebral and cerebellar atrophy involving gray and white matter. | | Mutations: | G848S, Q497H, W748S | | SNPs: | E1143G | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 0.6, Age of Death: 1 |
| Reference: | Lamantea et al, 2002; | | Description: | PEO. cytochrome c oxidase negative ragged red fibers, and multiple mtDNA deletions in skeletal muscle. | | Mutations: | G848S, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
Back to top | Reference: | Tang et al, 2011; | | Description: | Ocular bulbar weakness, peripheral neuropathy, muscle weakness, CPEO, ptosis, hypothyroidism, abnormal muscle histology, abnormal muscle ultrastructure, large mitochondrial proliferation, ragged red fibers. 96% mtDNA copy number in blood. Patient II-44. | | Mutations: | G848S, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 81, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Wong et al, 2008; | | Description: | Alpers | | Mutations: | G848S, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.5, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Kollberg et al, 2005; | | Description: | PEO, severe ophthalmoplegia and ptosis, which appeared insidiously and had been present clinically since the age of 55. Muscle biopsy at age 68 revealed mitochondrial myopathy, as well as muscle inflammation with granulomas. multiple mtDNA deletions in muscle tissue. | | Mutations: | G848S, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 55, Age of Patient: 75, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Weiss and Saneto, 2010; | | Description: | progressively droopy eyelids, double vision, gait instability, proximal arm weakness, ragged red and ragged blue (succinate dehydrogenase–positive) fibers in about 3% and 6% of all muscle fibers, bilateral ptosis, diplopia, dysarthria, myopathy involving the facial muscles, sensory ataxic polyneuropathy | | Mutations: | G848S, P587L | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 80, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Rouzier et al, 2013; | | Description: | CPEO, multiple mtDNa deletions. | | Mutations: | G848S | | SNPs: | T251I | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 45, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
Back to top | Reference: | Tang et al, 2011; | | Description: | Ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, hearing loss, abnormal MRI, COX deficiency, developmental delay, seizure, delayed gastric emptying, CPK abnormalities, sister died at 2.5 years. 111% mtDNA copy number in blood. Patient II-49. | | Mutations: | A143V, G848S | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 38, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Tang et al, 2011; | | Description: | Evidence of maternal inheritance, developmental delay, hypotonia, dementia/encephalopathy, seizures, myoclonic seizures, hepatic failure, elevated transaminases, high CSF lactate, abnormal EEG, leukodystrophy, MRS/lactate peak, abnormal MRI. 71% mtDNA copy number in blood. | | Mutations: | A143V, G848S | | Age group: | childhood | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 4, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Tang et al, 2011; | | Description: | Leigh disease, developmental delay, FTT, abnormal EEG/MRI, hypotonia, seizures, vomiting, hemiplegia, behavior change. 136% mtDNA copy number in muscle and 57% mtDNA copy number in blood. | | Mutations: | A143V, G848S | | Age group: | childhood | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 4, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Tang et al, 2011; | | Description: | Seizures, intractable seizure, abnormal EEG, abnormal MRI. 43% mtDNA copy number in blood. | | Mutations: | A143V, G848S | | Age group: | childhood | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 8, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Giordano et al, 2009; | | Description: | Born with severe hypotonia, general muscle weakness, hearing loss, GI problems, mild cerbral atrophy, mtDNA depletion in muscle and GI, death via respiratory failure at 20 days. | | Mutations: | G848S, R227W | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.01, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 0.1 |
Back to top | Reference: | Calvo et al, 2012; | | Description: | Complex I deficiency, Hypotonia, lethargy, respiratory distress, metabolic acidosis, FTT, encephalopathy | | Mutations: | G848S, R227W | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.01, Age of Patient: 0.06, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Deschauer et al, 2007; | | Description: | vomiting, headache, sensory ataxia, areflexia, focal seizures, status epilepticus. MELAS. | | Mutations: | G848S, R627Q | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 21, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Schulte et al, 2009; | | Description: | At 35 years of age, dysarthria/dysphagia, sensory neuropathy, PEO, distal muscle wasting, phobia anxiety disorder, mild cerebellar atrophy (MRI) | | Mutations: | G848S, R627Q | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 29, Age of Patient: 35, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Stewart et al, 2009; | | Description: | Ataxia, PEO, axonal neuropathy, cerebellar atrophy. 3% COX deficient fibers. | | Mutations: | G746S, G848S | | SNPs: | E1143G | | Age group: | juvenile | | Age of Onset: 16, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Lax et al, 2012a; | | Description: | CPEO, peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, dysarthria, COX-deficient fibers, presence of mitochondrial dna deletions in muscle, Severe sensory and moderate motor neuronopathy, Distal and proximal neurogenic change | | Mutations: | G746S, G848S | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 26, Age of Patient: 36, Age of Death: n/a |
Back to top | Reference: | Kurt et al, 2010; | | Description: | pschomotor delay, seizures, liver disease, GI dysmotility, lactic acidosis. | | Mutations: | G848S, P1073L | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.4, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 0.9 |
| Reference: | Tang et al, 2011; | | Description: | Hypotonia, FTT, gastro-oesophaeal reflux. 36% mtDNA copy number in muscle, 62% mtDNA copy number in blood. | | Mutations: | G848S, P1073L | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 2, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Lax et al, 2012b; | | Description: | Ataxia, Dementia, Peripheral neuropathy, Areflexia, Myopathy, fatigue, depression, Ophthalmoplegia, Dysarthria, Osteoporosis, arPEO. | | Mutations: | G848S, S1104C | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 22, Age of Patient: 59, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Betts-Henderson et al, 2009; | | Description: | The patient first presented at the age of 22 years with left-sided ptosis, which slowly progressed over the next 20 years to an almost complete ophthalmoplegia. He developed proximal muscle weakness at age 50 and his first Parkinsonian features at age 51. rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia and difficulty performing fine motor tasks. Proximal myopathy. sensorimotor neuropathy. Dysphagia. | | Mutations: | G848S, S1104C | | Age group: | adult | | Age of Onset: 22, Age of Patient: 57, Age of Death: 59 |
| Reference: | Taanman et al, 2009; | | Description: | Hypotonia, microcephaly, abnormal MRI, hepatomegaly, FTT, hypoglycaemia, ptosis. Onset at 6 months with Leighs syndrome and death at 23 months. 3% mtDNA copy number in muscle and 12% mtDNA copy number in liver. | | Mutations: | G848S, R232H | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: 0.5, Age of Patient: n/a, Age of Death: 2 |
Back to top | Reference: | Tang et al, 2011; | | Description: | Developmental delay, hypotonia, dementia/encephalopathy, exercise intolerance, muscle weakness, easy fatigability, ptosis, GI reflux, delayed gastric emptying, cyclic vomiting, hepatic failure, elevated transaminases, lactic acidosis, short statue, FTT. 53% mtDNA copy number in blood. | | Mutations: | G848S, R1096C | | Age group: | infantile | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 2, Age of Death: n/a |
| Reference: | Tang et al, 2011; | | Description: | Seizures, SIDS/unexplained death, MRS/lactate peak, abnormal MRI, abnormal respiratory enzymes. 7% mtDNA copy number in muscle. | | Mutations: | G848S, G848S | | Age group: | childhood | | Age of Onset: n/a, Age of Patient: 5, Age of Death: n/a |
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The following information is based on PON-P2 mutation pathogenicity prediction software results. Cluster 1 mutation with a non-cluster-mapping mutation (SNP) T251I Mutation pathogenicity prediction for mutation T251I is unreliable. Mutation T251I is outside of assigned pathogenic clusters, and therefore risk that it contributes to a POLG-related syndrome is low. See further details for residue 251. All mutations mapping into the pathogenic clusters are in high risk of being pathogenic. As a rule, a patient must have a pathogenic mutation in both of his/ her POLG genes to develop a POLG-related syndrome. |
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